ChileanModernism
Construction in Chile since the early twentieth century has been informed by the country’s location along major fault lines. Following the earthquakes in 1939 and 1960 that practically levelled smaller Chilean cities like Chillán and Concepción to the ground, safer buildings had to be conceived. These two towns were practically rebuilt from scratch, making them the apotheosis of modernism in Chile. While the spotlight on Chilean architecture is almost always pointed at Santiago, this reconstruction gave resources and attention to public housing in other regions. The new buildings were communal and pleasant in design, following the principles of the Athens Charter. They included playgrounds, green spaces, separate car access, and retail spaces for local vendors. However, support for these modernist housing projects was quickly left behind. In 1973 the CIAbacked coup d’état occurred, and the Chicago Boys returned to Chile and instituted neoliberal economic policy under Pinochet. While American housing projects like PruittIgoe that were demolished following their boom and bust, many of these Chilean modernist structures continue to be inhabited in their shabby condition today. Despite this, many Chileans find the presence of these structures a valuable counterweight to the late capitalist, privatizing project that has negatively affected the country. Our exhibition will explore the contradictory ways that contemporary Chilean artists and architects respond to modernist production through three lenses: memory, publishing, and mapping.